Conocimiento disciplinar en el currículo: mirada crítica desde la formación actual de enfermería / Disciplinary knowledge in the curriculum: critical view from current nursing training

En las últimas cinco décadas, las investigadoras de enfermería han trabajado arduamente en el ámbito teórico-conceptual proporcionando los cimientos sobre los que se ha venido construyendo el conocimiento de enfermería, cumpliendo estrictamente con procesos mentales y fundamentándose en aspectos éticos, morales y de valores. Este artículo de reflexión, expresa el análisis del desarrollo de la disciplina de enfermería abordado desde el inicio de la propia profesión hasta el desarrollo actual, reconociendo en primer lugar la importancia de los conceptos emanados y la aplicación de los mismos en el desarrollo científico de la disciplina a nivel nacional e internacional, en segundo lugar, se brinda información de la disciplina de enfermería en relación a otras disciplinas como en el caso de medicina. Se considera además de gran relevancia realizar un análisis curricular, ya que con el paso del tiempo ha existido escaso vinculo teórico-práctico en las instituciones de educación superior, lo que puede acaecer en un futuro para los nuevos profesionales en poseer escaso sustento en los cuidados generados debido a la falta de integración del conocimiento en base a las teorías de Enfermería, provocando de esta manera un escaso desarrollo disciplinar al no poder ser vinculables en la praxis profesional. Palabras clave: enfermería; educación en enfermería; currículum; enseñanza superior

In the last five decades, nursing researchers have worked hard in the theoretical-conceptual field, providing the foundations on which nursing knowledge has been built, strictly complying with mental processes and based on ethical, moral and value aspects. This reflection article expresses the analysis of the development of the nursing discipline addressed from the beginning of the profession itself to thecurrent development, recognizing first of all the importance of the concepts emanated and their application in the scientific development of nursing. discipline at a national and international level, secondly, information on the nursing discipline is provided in relation to other disciplines, such as in the case of medicine. It is also considered of great relevance to carry out a curricular analysis, since with the passage of time there has been little theoretical-practical link in higher education institutions, which may happen in the future for new professionals to have little support in care. generated due to the lack of integration of knowledge based on Nursing theories, thus causing little disciplinary development as they cannot be linked in professional praxis. Key words:nursing; nursing education; resume; higher education

Perceptions of clinical clerks and interns of the University of the Philippines College of Medicine towards physical and rehabilitation medicine as a medical specialty

Objectives@#Perception about Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine provides information about awareness on identifying disabilities and managing their impact on activities of daily living; however, misconceptions about the field continue to exist among both students and physicians. This study aims to describe the perceptions of clinical clerks and interns towards the practice and role of Rehabilitation Medicine in management of patients. @*Methods@#This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. Students from the Learning Unit 6 and 7 of UP College of Medicine answered adapted online survey forms from a previous study and participated in online focus group discussions. Qualitative data were used to infer the perception of medical students towards the specialty. The effect of the respondent’s profile, background and affiliation on their knowledge, attitudes and perceptions were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA (α = 0.05). Qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. @*Results@#Learning Unit 6 and 7 students were found to have a perceived broad level of knowledge with regards the specialty. The students associated the specialty with focus on holistic care, quality of life, interdisciplinary collaboration, and diversity of cases managed. No statistically significant differences were found between the perception among: 1) Learning Unit 6 and 7, 2) those with or without a previous encounter with the specialty, 3) allied medical and non-allied medical undergraduate courses in terms of: a) confidence in the knowledge (p = 0.489), b) familiarity with conditions managed (p = 0.93) and c) interest towards the specialty (p = 0.693). The Organ System Integrated (OSI) curriculum, which promotes horizontal and vertical integration of concepts, provided a wide understanding of the basic concepts related to physiatry. The students’ responses suggest a positive attitude towards Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, as measured in their level of interest about knowing more regarding the specialty. Most common perceptions were that the specialty was multidisciplinary and holistic. However, the respondents’ perceptions regarding the roles of the Rehabilitation team were limited. @*Conclusion@#Learning unit level 6 and 7 students had a broad understanding of the practice and scope of the Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine specialty. Future researches can include other medical students in all year levels, including Learning Units 3, 4 and 5 of UPCM, to observe the development of their perceptions about the specialty throughout medical school.

La educación inclusiva ante los desafíos contemporáneos / Inclusive education in front of contemporary challenges

Introducción: la educación inclusiva constituye actualmente una preocupación para investigadores, docentes, organizaciones internacionales, regionales y nacionales, aunque la toma de conciencia sobre la necesidad de concretar escenarios escolares y sociales inclusivos, ha sido un proceso lento; a pesar de los ingentes esfuerzos de autores reconocidos, instituciones comprometidas y experiencias exitosas, no se generalizan sus resultados, de ahí las motivaciones para la realización de este estudio. Objetivo: actualizar concepciones teóricas sobre la educación inclusiva y su incidencia en un modelo educativo inclusivo contemporáneo. Métodos: se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura disponible en sitios web y revistas especializadas, así como artículos compartidos en redes sociales académicas y públicas durante los últimos cinco años, en español e inglés. Se realizó la revisión detallada de autores y la actualización de las referencias bibliográficas utilizadas. Resultados: la educación inclusiva necesita una relación con la propia familia, con una escuela que integre e incluya para lograr una sociedad, un estado y gobierno que no solo vean a su población por lo que les separa y diferencia, sino por lo que les une en la diversidad, mediante aulas inclusivas y un currículo moderno. Conclusiones: ante los retos que se le imponen a la educación frente al panorama mundial, caracterizado por la exclusión social de índole diversa, entre ellos, la desmotivación con los currículos que se ofrecen a los estudiantes, los sistemas educativos se enfrentan a una urgencia: ofrecer una educación de calidad e inclusiva, en atención a la diversidad.

Introduction: inclusive education is currently a concern for researchers, teachers, international, regional, and national organizations, although raising awareness about the need to create inclusive school and social scenarios has been a slow process; despite the enormous efforts of recognized authors, committed institutions and successful experiences, their results are not generalized, hence the motivations for carrying out this study. Objective: update theoretical conceptions about inclusive education and its impact on a contemporary inclusive educational model. Methods: a systematic review of the literature available on websites and specialized journals, as well as articles shared on academic and public social networks over the last five years, in Spanish and English, was carried out. A detailed review of authors and updating of the bibliographic references used was carried out. Results: inclusive education needs a relationship with one's own family, with a school that integrates and includes to achieve a society, a state and government that not only see its population, so it separates and differentiates them, but even though it unites them in diversity, through inclusive classrooms and a modern curriculum. Conclusions: according to the challenges imposed on education in front of the global panorama, characterized by social exclusion of various kinds, including demotivation with the curricula offered to students, educational systems face an urgency: offer quality and inclusive education, in attention to diversity.

La integración en el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje de las ciencias básicas biomédicas / Integration into the teaching-learning process of basic biomedical sciences

Introducción: estudiar la realidad educativa en el campo de la integración de los contenidos permite diseñar acciones para perfeccionar el proceso enseñanza aprendizaje en las universidades. Objetivo: fundamentar las bases teóricas que sustentan la integración en el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje de las ciencias básicas biomédicas, así como aspectos relativos a su concepción. Métodos: se realizó una revisión bibliográfica sobre la integración de los contenidos, se consideraron artículos originales y de revisión publicados entre 2017 y 2022 en español, portugués e inglés, en revistas nacionales e internacionales indexadas y en bases de datos reconocidas: Scopus, Scielo y Google Académico. Fueron revisados 59 artículos y se seleccionaron 23. Las palabras claves utilizadas fueron: integración, enseñanza aprendizaje y ciencias básicas biomédicas. Desarrollo: la integración de los contenidos potencia el dominio de estos, unido al desarrollo de métodos investigativos y los impactos de la ciencia, la tecnología, la sociedad y el ambiente. El logro de un profesional preparado para desempeñarse con éxito depende del proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje desarrollado por todas las asignaturas integralmente, desde lo académico, lo laboral y lo investigativo. La integración de las dimensiones esenciales: instructiva, educativa y desarrolladora promueve la motivación por el estudio y asegura la formación integral del estudiante. Conclusiones: la integración de las ciencias básicas biomédicas constituye una tarea de primer orden, el estudio y determinación de los referentes y fundamentos teórico-metodológicos que la sustentan requiere redimensionar su definición y la caracterización de integración en el proceso enseñanza aprendizaje.

Introduction: studying the educational reality in the field of content integration allows us to designer actions to improve the teaching-learning process in universities. Objective: to support the theoretical bases that allows the integration in the teaching-learning process of basic biomedical sciences, as well as aspects related to its conception. Methods: a bibliographic review was carried out on the integration of the contents, original and review articles published from 2017 to 2022 in Spanish, Portuguese, and English in indexed national and international journals and in recognized databases were considered: Scopus, Scielo and Academic google. 59 articles were reviewed and 23 were selected. The key words used were integration, teaching-learning and basic biomedical sciences. Development: the integration of content enhances their mastery, together with the development of researching methods and the impacts of science, technology, society, and the environment. The achievement of a professional prepared to perform successfully depends on the teaching-learning process developed by all subjects comprehensively, from academic, work and research. The integration of the essential dimensions: instructional, educational, and developmental promotes motivation for study and ensures the comprehensive training of the student. Conclusions: the integration of basic biomedical sciences constitutes a first-order task, the study and determination of the theoretical-methodological references and foundations that support it requires resizing its definition and the characterization of integration in the teaching-learning process.

Anatomical and Clinical Education in Physical and Occupational Therapy: Influence of Integration and Soft Preservation / Educación Anatómica y Clínica en Terapia Física y Ocupacional: Influencia de la Integración y la Preservación Blanda

SUMMARY: Anatomy and clinical skills are taught separately to physical and occupational therapy students. Formaldehyde is the primary chemical used to embalm donors which creates a challenge in integrating clinical skills into the anatomy curriculum. This study aimed to evaluate the integration of clinical skills into anatomical education using Imperial College London- Soft Preservation (ICL-SP) and formaldehyde embalming through the evaluation of student perceived learning and confidence. Students were invited to complete a survey after dissecting an ICL-SP and formaldehyde embalmed donors and perform clinical tests. It was easier to dissect and identify neurovascular structures on ICL-SP donors compared to formaldehyde. Clinical tests, like measuring range of motion and ligament tests were also more realistic on ICL-SP donors. The integration of clinical skills in the anatomical curriculum increased student perceived understanding of associated anatomy (p < 0.001), gave better understanding of how anatomy is important to their professions (p < 0.001) and increased motivation to learn anatomy (p < 0.001). The integration of clinical skills into anatomical education can facilitate student learning with higher confidence performing clinical skills and is complemented by the utilization of the new ICL-SP methodology instead of the traditional formaldehyde preservation.

Las habilidades anatómicas y clínicas se enseñan por separado a los estudiantes de terapia física y ocupacional. El formaldehído es el químico principal que se usa para embalsamar a los donantes, lo que crea un desafío para integrar las habilidades clínicas en el plan de estudios de anatomía. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la integración de habilidades clínicas en la educación anatómica utilizando Imperial College London-Soft Preservation (ICL-SP) y embalsamamiento de formaldehído a través de la evaluación del aprendizaje y la confianza percibidos por los estudiantes. Se invitó a los estudiantes a completar una encuesta después de diseccionar un ICL-SP y donantes embalsamados formolizados y realizar pruebas clínicas. Fue más fácil diseccionar e identificar estructuras neurovasculares en donantes ICL-SP en comparación con los fijados en formaldehído. Las pruebas clínicas, como la medición del rango de movimiento y las pruebas de ligamentos, también fueron más realistas en los donantes de ICL-SP. La integración de habilidades clínicas en el plan de estudios anatómico aumentó la comprensión percibida por los estudiantes de anatomía asociada (p < 0,001), dio una mejor comprensión de cómo la anatomía es importante para sus profesiones (p < 0,001) y aumentó la motivación para aprender anatomía (p < 0,001). La integración de las habilidades clínicas en la educación anatómica puede facilitar el aprendizaje de los estudiantes con mayor confianza en el desempeño de las habilidades clínicas y se complementa con la utilización de la nueva metodología ICL-SP en lugar de la conservación tradicional con formaldehído.

Análisis curricular de la carrera de medicina de la universidad de buenos aires / Curricular analysis of the medicine career at the university of buenos aires

El currículum es un conjunto de experiencias formales e informales que se integran en el plan de estudios de una profesión universitaria. En las instituciones educativas coexisten dos tipos de currículum: el planificado, en el que se expresa la intencionalidad de los objetivos propuestos y el oculto, que no figura en el plan de estudios y se estructura en el conjunto de actitudes y normas que se transmiten a través de los modelos de identificación. El currículum debe bridar al estudiante una metodología que le permita seguir aprendiendo, y debe expresar una concepción acerca de la evaluación, estableciendo los grandes lineamientos sobre el sistema de promoción de los alumnos y cuáles son los requisitos y condiciones para avanzar en el estudio. En el presente trabajo se analiza el plan de estudios desde la visión curricular de la composición y extensión de la carrera de Medicina de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de la Universidad de Buenos Aires. Se concluye en que debe actualizarse el plan de estudios contemplando el modelo de profesional médico que la sociedad requiera y deberá replantearse la extensión total de la carrera

The curriculum is a set of formal and informal experiences that are integrated into the curriculum of a university profession. In educational institutions, two types of curriculum coexist: the planned one, in which the intention of the proposed objectives is expressed, and the hidden one, which does not appear in the study plan and is structured in the set of attitudes and norms that are transmitted to through identification models. The curriculum must provide the student with a methodology that allows them to continue learning, and must express a conception about the evaluation, establishing the main guidelines on the system of promotion of students and what are the requirements and conditions to advance in the study. In the present work the study plan is analyzed from the curricular vision of the composition and extension of the Medicine career of the Faculty of Medical Sciences of the University of Buenos Aires. It is concluded that the study plan must be updated contemplating the medical professional model that society requires and the total extension of the career must be reconsidered

Estrategias para el desarrollo de habilidades en práctica basada en la evidencia a través del currículo de enfermería / Strategies for developing evidence-based practice skills across the nursing curriculum

Introducción: Mundialmente, se reconoce la enseñanza de la práctica basada en evidencia como una estrategia que contribuye a mejorar la calidad de la atención en salud. Objetivo: Identificar el nivel de competencias para la práctica basada en evidencia en estudiantes de enfermería de acuerdo con las características del currículo cursado en una universidad colombiana. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio de corte transversal, con mediciones a estudiantes de enfermería en tres periodos (N=125): currículo-1 sin formación en investigación (n=24); currículo-2 con formación en investigación (n=55); currículo-3 con formación en práctica basada en evidencia (n=46). El desenlace principal fue competencias para la práctica basada en evidencia medido por actitudes, conocimientos y habilidades. Resultados: El puntaje global de competencias fue 4,08 (Rango intercuartílico=3,84- 4,32), no se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los puntajes obtenidos por estudiantes de los tres currículos, sin embargo, las competencias de conocimientos para la práctica basada en evidencia fueron significativamente mayores en el grupo del currículo 3. Discusión: Algunos autores han descrito la relación entre el tiempo de las transformaciones curriculares y el desarrollo de competencias progresivas, como un proceso escalonado cuyos resultados se reflejan al menos un ciclo curricular completo después de su implementación. Conclusiones: Los ajustes curriculares realizados en esta institución han permitido mejorar la percepción de los conocimientos para la práctica basada en evidencia en estudiantes de enfermería, sin embargo, es necesario seguir trabajando en estrategias pedagógicas eficaces que mejoren las habilidades para su implementación. Esta información provee orientación para planeación curricular.

Introduction: Teaching evidence-based practice is a recognized worldwide strategy for improving health care quality. Objective: To identify the level of evidence-based practice competencies of nursing students according to the characteristics of the curriculum followed in a Colombian university. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study measuring nursing students in three periods (N=125): Curriculum-1 without research training (n=24); Curriculum-2 with research training (n=55); Curriculum-3 with evidence-based practice training (n=46). The primary outcome was evidence-based practice competencies measured by attitude, knowledge, and skills. Results: The global competence score was 4.08 (interquartile range = 3.84­4.32), and no statistically significant differences were observed between the scores obtained by students in the three curricula. However, knowledge competencies for evidence-based practice were significantly higher in the Curriculum 3 group. Discussion: Some authors have described the relationship between the timing of curricular transformations and the development of progressive competencies as a staggered process whose results are reflected in at least one complete curricular cycle after its implementation. Conclusions: The curricular adjustments made at this institution have improved the perception of knowledge in evidence-based practice among nursing students; however, it is necessary to continue working on effective pedagogical strategies that enhance the skills for its implementation. This information provides guidance for curriculum planning.

Introdução: Mundialmente, o ensino da prática baseada em evidências é reconhecido como uma estratégia que contribui para a melhoria da qualidade dos cuidados de saúde. Objetivo: Identificar o nível de competências para a prática baseada em evidências em estudantes de enfermagem segundo as características do currículo estudado em uma universidade colombiana. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo transversal, com mensurações de estudantes de enfermagem em três períodos (N=125): currículo-1 sem formação em pesquisa (n=24); currículo-2 com formação em pesquisa (n=55); currículo-3 com formação em prática baseada em evidências (n=46). O resultado primário foram competências para a prática baseada em evidências medidas por atitudes, conhecimentos e habilidades. Resultados: A pontuação geral de competência foi de 4,08 (intervalo interquartil=3,84-4,32), não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre as pontuações obtidas pelos alunos dos três currículos, porém, as competências de conhecimento para a prática baseada em evidências foram significativamente maiores no grupo curricular 3. Discussão: Alguns autores descreveram a relação entre o momento das transformações curriculares e o desenvolvimento de competências progressivas, como um processo gradual cujos resultados se refletem pelo menos um ciclo curricular completo após a sua implementação. Conclusões: As adequações curriculares realizadas nesta instituição melhoraram a percepção do conhecimento para a prática baseada em evidências nos estudantes de enfermagem, porém é necessário continuar trabalhando em estratégias pedagógicas eficazes que melhorem as competências para sua implementação. Estas informações fornecem orientação para o planejamento curricular.

La formación y especialización médica en medicina transfusional / Medical training and specialization in transfusion medicine

Introducción: Para una práctica transfusional segura se requiere una formación en medicina transfusional. Objetivo: Determinar la manera en que se integran los contenidos y las habilidades de medicina transfusional en la formación y la especialización médica en Cuba. Métodos: Se hizo un estudio educacional, analítico, de corte transversal en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Camagüey, desde marzo de 2020 hasta julio de 2021. Se realizó un análisis documental para precisar cómo se integraban los contenidos y las habilidades de medicina transfusional al currículo para la formación de médicos, a los programas de estudio del internado vertical en 26 especialidades médicas, y a 29 planes de estudio y programas de especialización en Cuba. Resultados: El currículo para la formación de médicos en Cuba no incluye medicina transfusional. La asignatura que más contribuye a la formación en esta área del saber es Sangre y Sistema inmune. Los contenidos y las habilidades de medicina transfusional solo se incluyen expresamente en nueve programas de estudio del internado vertical y en 12 planes de estudio y programas de especialización. Conclusiones: Existe una insuficiente integración de los contenidos y las habilidades de medicina transfusional en el currículo de la carrera de medicina en Cuba, situación que se manifiesta también en los programas de estudios de los internados verticales y en la mayoría de los programas de las especialidades médicas.

Introduction: Safe transfusion practice requires training in transfusion medicine. Objective: To determine the way in which transfusion medicine contents and skills are integrated into medical training and specialization in Cuba. Methods: An educational, analytical and cross-sectional study was carried out at Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Camagüey, from March 2020 to July 2021. A documentary analysis was conducted to determine how transfusion medicine contents and skills were integrated into the curriculum for the training of physicians, into the study programs of the vertical internship in 26 medical specialties, as well as into 29 study plans and specialization programs in Cuba. Results: The curriculum for the training of physicians in Cuba does not include transfusion medicine. The subject that most contributes to training in this area of knowledge is Blood and Immune System. Transfusion medicine contents and skills are only expressly included in nine vertical internship study programs and in twelve study plans and specialization programs. Conclusions: There is insufficient integration of transfusion medicine contents and skills in the Cuban medical major curriculum, a situation that is also manifested in the study programs of vertical internships and in most of the medical specialties programs.

Quality assurance of Nursing Education in the Philippines

@#The Philippines continues to produce globally competitive nursing graduates. However, it performs poorly in international standards for quality education in nursing. This paper investigates the objective parameters of quality assurance: Commission on Higher Education (CHED) accreditation, Philippine Regulation Commission (PRC) licensure examinations, and other international and local standards to measure the quality of nursing education inputs and outputs. Results showed an accreditation rate of 3% for nursing programs, less than the national average of 10% for all programs across all professions (CHED 2018; CHED n.d. -a; CHED n.d. -b). Some highly regarded programs have advanced to Level IV (seven baccalaureate programs and two master's programs). Although there is a link between graduates' performance and effective instruction and sound evaluation in university procedures (Amanonce & Maramag, 2020), written board exams cannot assess some performance indicators to determine if a student has met program objectives. Although the country has produced globally competitive nursing graduates, steps must be taken to improve the program's compatibility with the concept of globalization. Strategies should be aimed at performance indicators in a global nursing education and profession landscape.

Development of an on-line and off-line blended teaching practice for Biochemistry Experiments / 生物工程学报

On-line and off-line blended teaching is one of the directions for future experimental teaching mode reform in universities. Blended teaching is characterized by systematic course design, repeatable knowledge nodes, autonomous learning and frequent interaction between teachers and students. The on-line and off-line blended teaching course of Biochemistry Experiments in Zhejiang University includes massive open online course (MOOC), off-line comprehensive series of experiments and independent experiments design and practice. The blended teaching practice of this course expanded experimental teaching content, developed standardized preparation, process and assessment mechanism, and promoted shared application of the course.

Practices of integrating the undergraduate and graduate teaching of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology / 生物工程学报

Biochemistry and Molecular Biology are the cornerstone courses of talent training in the field of life science. Taking these course as an example, this study explored reconstructing the knowledge framework, developing teaching cases, sharing teaching resources, innovating teaching means and establishing ideological education patterns. Supported by the scientific research achievements with discipline characteristics and online teaching platform, this research explored and practiced an integrated curriculum reform mode. This mode is guided by scientific research and education, based on the course development, and driven by communication and cooperation. A shared space of "exchange, practice, openness and informatization" was developed to achieve free and independent integration of undergraduate and graduate teaching motivated by learning knowledge, resulting in an effective student training.

Engineering and process management-based design of Comprehensive Biotechnology Experiment course / 生物工程学报

Based on the demand of enterprise talents and the characteristics of manufacturing process management in biotechnology, in order to make the students acquire the ability to solve complex engineering problems in the production process, we developed a "Comprehensive Biotechnology Experiment" course, where two-step enzymatic production of l-aspartate and l-alanine were the key processes. In this course, we drew lessons from the site management of the production enterprise, performed the experimental operation mode of four shifts and three operations. The content of this course includes principles, methods and experimental techniques of several core curricula and the site management mode of enterprises. As to the evaluation, the summary of the experimental staff's handover records and the content of teamwork were examined and scored. Through teaching practice and continuous improvement, we developed a complete experimental teaching process and assessment mechanism. Overall, the Comprehensive Biotechnology Experiment course achieved good teaching effect, which may serve as a reference to promote the development of experimental teaching of biotechnology.

Teaching reform and practice of 'Production Internship' course for biotechnology specialty from the perspective of training application-oriented talents / 生物工程学报

Production internship is an important teaching tache for undergraduate students to carry out engineering training by using professional skills, and it is a key starting point for fostering application-oriented talents in biotechnology. The Course Group of 'production internship of biotechnology majors' of Binzhou University is investigating application-oriented transformation for local regular colleges and universities, as well as fostering high-level application-oriented talents. By taking green fluorescent protein (GFP) polyclonal antibody as an example, the reform and practice on teaching content, teaching mode, assessment method, continuous improvement of curriculum were carried out. Moreover, the characteristics of the Yellow River Delta-Binzhou Biotechnology & Pharmaceutical Industrial Cluster were taken into account to intensify academic-enterprise cooperation. On one hand, this Course Group designed and rearranged the course contents, carried out essential training through online resources and platforms such as virtual simulation, and recorded, tracked and monitored the progress of production internship through practical testing and software platforms like 'Alumni State'. On the other hand, this Course Group established a practice-and application-oriented assessment method in the process of production internship and a dual evaluation model for continuous improvement. These reform and practices have promoted the training of application-oriented talents in biotechnology, and may serve as a reference for similar courses.

Development and reform of the curriculum of engineering ethics education in biology and medicine under the background of "new engineering" / 生物工程学报

The "new engineering" concept requires that in addition to laying a solid professional foundation, engineering colleges and universities in China should also pay attention to improving the humanistic quality and developing a professional ethics education in training the engineering and technical talents. One important way is to carry out the engineering ethics education. By referring to the mature case-teaching ideas around the world and combining the practical experience accumulated in recent years, this paper focuses on the curriculum development and teaching reform of engineering ethics for students studying biological and medical engineering, from the perspectives of case selection and teaching method innovation. It also introduces some typical case studies, and summarizes the teaching effect analyzed from questionnaire.

The teaching of fights in school physical education: a state of knowledge of brazilian studies / O ensino das lutas na educação física escolar: um estado do conhecimento de estudos brasileiros

ABSTRACT This article aims to analyze the Brazilian academic publications on fights and Physical Education. We used content analysis through a state of knowledge, with 38 articles as corpus. As results we built four empirical analytical categories: 1) Space and sociocultural aspects: they point the lack of infrastructure and the scarcity of materials as restrictive factors for the approach of the fight contents in schools; 2) Technologies/media: that serve as auxiliary tools for the inclusion of fights in school Physical Education; 3) Physical Education curriculum: addresses issues related to content, culture, documents and teachers; and 4) Pedagogical practice: which involves more specific issues observed in the studies, such as methodologies involving the application of the content to classes, experiences, dimensions of the content, activities and implications about the themes discussed in the content, such as the association with violence, gender discrimination and sexuality. We conclude that the studies show that the approach of fights as content in schools is still incipient, being the insecurity of the teacher a preponderant factor so that fights are not inserted. Thus, studies indicate the need to create materials and methodologies that help teachers, thus enabling the use of content already consolidated in the literature.

RESUMO Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar as publicações acadêmicas brasileiras sobre lutas e Educação Física. Utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo por meio de revisão narrativa, com 38 artigos como corpus. Como resultado construímos quatro categorias analíticas empíricas: 1) Espaço e aspectos socioculturais: apontam a falta de infraestrutura e a escassez de materiais como fatores restritivos para a abordagem dos conteúdos de luta nas escolas; 2) Tecnologias/mídias: que servem como ferramentas de auxílio para a inclusão das lutas na Educação Física escolar; 3) Currículo de Educação Física: aborda questões relacionadas a conteúdo, cultura, documentos e professores e 4) Prática pedagógica: que envolve questões mais específicas observadas nos estudos, como metodologias que envolvem a aplicação do conteúdo às aulas, vivências, dimensões do conteúdo, atividades e implicações sobre os temas discutidos no conteúdo, como a associação com a violência, a discriminação de gênero e a sexualidade. Concluímos que os estudos mostram que a abordagem das lutas como conteúdo nas escolas ainda é incipiente, sendo a insegurança do professor fator preponderante para que as lutas não sejam inseridas. Dessa forma, estudos indicam a necessidade de criar materiais e metodologias que auxiliem os professores, possibilitando assim a utilização de conteúdos já consolidados na literatura.

Conhecimentos, afetos e justiça cognitiva no currículo cultural de educação física / Knowledge, affections and cognitive justice in the cultural curriculum of physical education / Conocimiento, afectos y justicia cognitiva en el currículo cultural de educación física

O presente artigo assume o desafio de confrontar as concepções de conhecimento de Michel Foucault, Boaventura de Sousa Santos, Walter Mignolo e Patricio Guerrero Arias com as experiências pedagógicas relatadas por docentes que afirmam colocar em ação o currículo cultural da Educação Física. Para tanto, foram analisados relatos de experiência publicados, em 2020, na coletânea Escrevivências da Educação Física cultural. Diante da impossibilidade de pré-determinar o conteúdo nessa proposta, conclui-se que professores e educandos produzem coletivamente, a cada encontro, conhecimentos marcados por afetos, sentimentos e emoções num processo criativo, pautado no corazonar e atravessado pela justiça cognitiva e afirmação das diferenças e da multiplicidade da vida. (AU)

This article takes on the challenge of confronting the knowledge concepts of Michel Foucault, Boaventura de Sousa Santos, Walter Mignolo and Patricio Guerrero Arias with the pedagogical experiences reported by teachers who claim to apply the cultural curriculum of Physical Education. To this end, the experience reports published in 2020 in the collection Escrevivências da Educação Física cultural were analyzed. Given the impossibility of pre-determining the content in this proposal, it is concluded that teachers and students collectively produce, at each meeting, knowledge marked by affections, feelings, emotions, in a creative process, based on the core and crossed by cognitive justice, affirmation of differences and the multiplicity of life. (AU)

Este artículo asume el desafío de confrontar los conceptos de conocimiento de Michel Foucault, Boaventura de Sousa Santos, Walter Mignolo y Patricio Guerrero Arias con las experiencias pedagógicas relatadas por docentes que pretenden poner en acción el currículo cultural de la Educación Física. Para ello, se analizaron relatos de experiencia publicados en 2020 en la colección Escrevivências da Educação Física cultural. Ante la imposibilidad de predeterminar el contenido de esta propuesta, se concluye que docentes y alumnos producen colectivamente, en cada encuentro, conocimientos marcados por afectos, sentimientos, emociones, en un proceso creativo, basado en el corazonar y atravesado por la justicia cognitiva, afirmación de las diferencias y la multiplicidad de la vida. (AU)

Educação das relações étncio-raciais na formação do enfermeiro: uma análise a partir da visão de enfermeiros-docentes / Education of ethnic-racial relations in nursing education: an analysis from the point of view of nurse-teachers / La educación de las relaciones étnico-raciales en la enseñanza de la enfermería: un análisis desde el punto de vista de las enfermeras-docentes

Objetivo: conhecer a visão de Enfermeiros-docentes da Faculdade de Enfermagem da Universidade Federal de Pelotas sobre a educação das relações étnico-raciais no currículo de formação do Enfermeiro. Método: estudo de natureza qualitativa, exploratória e descritiva. Participaram 12 Enfermeiros-docentes da instituição em estudo. As entrevistas foram realizadas em ambiente virtual de março e abril de 2022. O conteúdo produzido foi transcrito na íntegra e tratado através da análise de conteúdo. A pesquisa seguiu todos os princípios éticos. Resultados: a educação das relações étnico-raciais não está no currículo do curso. Os participantes se sentem despreparados para um debate aprofundado sobre a temática. Também relatam que os entraves para a inserção no currículo estão associados à construção individual de cada docente e da sociedade brasileira. Considerações finais: se observa a necessidade uma ampliação no debate sobre a inserção da temática no currículo do curso e sua importância para a formação do profissional enfermeiro

Objectives: to know the vision of nurse-teachers from the College of Nursing of the Federal University of Pelotas about the education of ethnic-racial relations in the nurse training curriculum. Method : qualitative, exploratory and descriptive study. Twelve nurse-teachers from the institution under study participated. The interviews were conducted in a virtual environment in March and April 2022. The content produced was transcribed in full and treated through content analysis. The research followed all ethical principles. Results: education of ethnic-racial relations is not in the course curriculum. The participants feel unprepared for an in-depth debate on the theme. They also report that the obstacles for its insertion in the curriculum are associated with the individual construction of each teacher and of Brazilian society. Final considerations: it is observed that there is a need to expand the debate about the insertion of the theme in the course curriculum and its importance for the training of nursing professionals

Objetivos: conocer la visión de los enfermeros-docentes de la Facultad de Enfermería de la Universidad Federal de Pelotas sobre la educación de las relaciones étnico-raciales en el currículo de formación del enfermero. Método: estudo de natureza qualitativa, exploratoria y descritiva. Participaron 12 enfermeros-docentes de la institución en el estudio. Las entrevistas se realizaron en un entorno virtual en marzo y abril de 2022. El contenido producido se transcribió en su totalidad y se trató mediante un análisis de contenido. La investigación siguió todos los principios éticos. Resultados: la educación de las relaciones étnico-raciales no está en el plan de estudios. Los participantes no se sienten preparados para un debate en profundidad sobre el tema. También informaron que los obstáculos para la inserción del tema en el currículo están asociados a la construcción individual de cada profesor y a la sociedad brasileña. Consideraciones finales: es necesario ampliar el debate sobre la inserción del tema en el currículo del curso y su importancia para la formación de los profesionales de enfermería

Educação permanente no sistema único de saúde: concepções de profissionais da gestão e dos serviços / Continuing permanent education in the brazilian national health system: conceptions from management and care professionals / Educación continua en el sistema único de salud brasileño: concepciones de los profesionales de gestión y servicios

Este artigo pretende compreender as concepções de profissionais da gestão e dos serviços do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) sobre Educação Permanente em Saúde (EPS), bem como seus desafios e potencialidades. Utilizou-se de grupo focal para coleta, seguido de análise lexical do tipo classificação hierárquica descendente com auxílio do software Iramuteq. Os resultados delinearam quatro classes: a) EPS - entendimentos e expectativas; b) entraves à EPS; c) ETSUS e EPS por meio de cursos e capacitações; e d) dispositivos de EPS: potencialidades e desafios. Os participantes apontaram equívocos de entendimentos acerca da EPS ao equipará-la à Educação Continuada (EC) voltada à transferência de conteúdo, com repercussões negativas na prática de EPS. Discute-se o risco em centralizar o responsável pela concretização dessa proposta, que deveria ser coletiva e compartilhada entre diferentes atores. Reivindica-se, portanto, uma produção colaborativa, que possa circular entre os envolvidos, de modo que cada um experimente esse lugar e se aproprie da complexidade de interações propiciadas pela Educação Permanente em Saúde.(AU)

This article aims to understand the conceptions of professionals from the management and services of the Unified Health System (SUS) on Permanent Education in Health (EPS), as well as its challenges and potential. A focus group was used for data collection, followed by a lexical analysis of the descending hierarchical classification type using the Iramuteq software. The results delineated four classes: a) EPS - understandings and expectations; b) obstacles to EPS; c) ETSUS and EPS by courses and training; and d) EPS devices: potentialities and challenges. Participants pointed out misunderstandings about EPS, when equating it with Continuing Education (CE) focused on content transfer, with negative repercussions on EPS practice. The risk of centralizing the person responsible for implementing this proposal, which should be collective and shared among different actors, is discussed. Therefore, a collaborative production is claimed for, which can circulate among those involved, so that each one experiences this place and appropriates the complexity of interactions provided by Permanent Education in Health.(AU)

Este artículo tiene por objetivo comprender las concepciones de los profesionales de la gestión y servicios del Sistema Único de Salud (SUS) sobre Educación Continua en Salud (EPS), así como sus desafíos y potencialidades. Se utilizó un grupo focal para la recolección de datos, seguido por un análisis léxico del tipo clasificación jerárquica descendente con la ayuda del software Iramuteq. Los resultados delinearon cuatro clases: a) EPS: entendimientos y expectativas, b) Barreras para EPS, c) ETSUS y EPS a través de cursos y capacitación, y d) Dispositivos EPS: potencialidades y desafíos. Los participantes informaron que existen malentendidos sobre EPS al equipararla a Educación Continua, con repercusiones negativas en la práctica de EPS, orientada a la transferencia de contenidos. Se discute el riesgo de elegir a un solo organismo como responsable de implementar esta propuesta colectiva, que debería ser colectiva y compartida entre los diferentes actores. Se aboga por un liderazgo colaborativo, que pueda circular entre los involucrados, para que cada uno experimente este lugar y se apropie de la complejidad de interacciones que brinda la Educación Continua en Salud.(AU)

A disciplina psicologia do esporte nos cursos de psicologia e educação física / Sports psychology in psychology and physical education courses / La materia psicología del deporte en los cursos de psicología y educación física

Este discute a representatividade da disciplina Psicologia do Esporte nos cursos de Psicologia e Educação Física em instituições de ensino superior reconhecidas pelo MEC e situadas na região Sul do país. Foi realizado um estudo documental, com base nos currículos das Instituições. Os resultados revelaram que no Sul do Brasil 21,02% dos cursos de Psicologia, 41,96% dos cursos de bacharelado em Educação Física e apenas 14,83% dos cursos de licenciatura em Educação Física apresentam a disciplina Psicologia do Esporte em sua grade curricular. Observou-se que a disciplina é ofertada mais frequentemente em regime obrigatório nos cursos de bacharelado em Educação Física. Nos cursos de Psicologia, quando ofertada, costuma ser optativa. Os resultados evidenciam uma maior oferta da disciplina para os estudantes de Educação Física, em relação aos de Psicologia, o que pode estar relacionado ao próprio contexto de surgimento da disciplina e sua popularização no meio acadêmico. Para que esse panorama possa mudar e se possa oferecer uma formação adequada no curso de Psicologia para fomentar essa opção de carreira, há necessidade de se repensar o currículo e o próprio perfil do egresso, de forma a dar mais oportunidade aos estudantes para que conheçam as bases teóricas e os campos de aplicação da Psicologia do Esporte. Tal lacuna pode acarretar a fragilização da disseminação desse conhecimento aos estudantes de graduação e a consequente ocupação do mercado de trabalho.(AU)

This study discusses the representativeness of Sports Psychology in Psychology and Physical Education courses at higher education institutions from Southern Brazil. A documentary study was conducted based on the institutions' curricula. Results show that 21.02% of the Psychology major, 41.96% of the bachelor's in Physical Education, and only 14.83% of the license in Physical Education offer Sports Psychology in their curricula. Sports Psychology is most often offered as a compulsory subject in the bachelor's program in Physical Education, whereas Psychology courses offer it mainly as an elective. Physical Education students have greater contact with the discipline when compared with Psychology students, which may be explained by its context of development and popularization in the academic environment. To change this scenario and offer adequate education in the Psychology programs to foster this career option, institutions must rethink their curriculum and the graduate profile itself. This would give students better opportunity to get to know its theoretical bases and fields of application. Such a gap can hinder the dissemination of this knowledge to undergraduate students and the consequent labor market occupation.(AU)

El objetivo de este estudio es discutir la representatividad de la materia Psicología del Deporte en los cursos de Psicología y Educación Física en instituciones de educación superior de la región Sur de Brasil, reconocidas por el Ministerio de Educación (MEC). Se realizó un estudio documental, basado en los planes de estudio de las instituciones. Los resultados revelaron que, en el Sur de Brasil, el 21,02% de los cursos de Psicología, el 41,96% de los cursos de licenciatura en Educación Física y sólo el 14,83% de los cursos de profesorado en Educación tienen la materia Psicología del Deporte en sus planes de estudio. Se observó que la materia Psicología del Deporte se ofrece con mayor frecuencia como asignatura obligatoria en los cursos de licenciatura en Educación Física. Cuando se ofrece en los cursos de Psicología, es una materia optativa. Los resultados muestran una mayor oferta para los estudiantes de Educación Física en comparación con Psicología, lo que puede estar relacionado con el contexto del surgimiento de la Psicología del Deporte como materia y su popularización en el ámbito académico. Para que este escenario cambie y sea posible ofrecer una formación adecuada en el curso de Psicología con el fin de fomentar esta opción de carrera, es necesario repensar el plan de estudios y el perfil del egresado, así los estudiantes tendrán más oportunidades de conocer sus bases teóricas y sus campos de actuación. Tal brecha puede debilitar la difusión de este conocimiento a los estudiantes de grado y la consecuente ocupación en el mercado laboral.(AU)